If input variability is high, what is a likely effect on lean production in ABC?

• A. Lean production can be implemented without any modifications.
• B. Lean production can still be perfect no matter the variability.
• C. Some input variability may limit how lean the process can become.
• D. Lean production will completely eliminate all variability.

Answer: (C)

When input variability is high, the main idea to grasp is that lean production depends on a smooth, predictable flow. If the inputs (materials, components, timing, quality) vary a lot, it disrupts that flow and makes it harder to keep to a steady pace or takt time. That means the system can’t achieve the full lean potential; some variability will always cap how lean the process can become.

So, the best answer is that some input variability may limit how lean the process can become. It isn’t feasible to implement lean without any modifications when inputs are unstable, nor is it realistic to expect perfect lean regardless of variability, nor to believe lean will completely eliminate all variability.