In Herzberg's theory as applied to ABC scientists, pay and working conditions are classified as which type of factors?

• A. Motivators
• B. Hygiene factors
• C. Both
• D. None

Answer: (B)

In Herzberg’s framework, there’s a distinction between hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors are outside the core content of the job and include things like pay and working conditions. They matter because when they’re lacking, people feel dissatisfied; when they’re adequate, they may prevent dissatisfaction but don’t by themselves create lasting motivation. For ABC scientists, pay and working conditions fit this category because they relate to the surrounding environment and compensation rather than the nature of the work itself. Motivators, on the other hand, are intrinsic to the job—things like achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and opportunities for advancement. Since the question centers on pay and working conditions, the best classification is hygiene factors.